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Paradigm Premium LC/MS Certified Nano-Capillary Columns
Michrom produces a vast array of columns in a variety of dimensions, particle size, phases and hardware configurations. For a compete description, usage guide, care, and hints download the 2009 Michrom Column Guide.
Phase Types
Reversed Phase -- Michrom's legendary Magic packing has highly efficient bonding and end-capping to eliminate harmful silanol group residues. An array of pore sizes, and 7 different phases (C4, C8, C18, C18AQ, C30, Phenyl, CN) assure complete separation of complex samples, or rapid screening for high, efficient throughput analysis.
PLRP -- Polymeric (polystyrene/divinylbenzene) media are recommended for protein separation. Its hydrophobic nature promotes RP separations without any silanol or metal reactive sites more common to silica materials. These robust particles work at elevated temperatures and pH range from 1-14 without damage to the stationary phase or background effects in the MS.
SCX -- PolySulfoethyl Aspartamide is a strong cation exchange material developed for peptide separations from pH range 2.7 - 4. (total range pH 2.7 - 7) Available on 3, 5, or 12 micron particles, these materials are an excellent choice for first dimension MudPIT separation.
Size Exclusion -- Polyhydroxyethyl Aspartamide is designed for the separation of analytes based on size and shape. Those molecules above the threshold size are not retained, therefore elution order is inversely proportional to molecular size. These materials are commonly used in the first dimension of separation to exclude unwanted analytes such as proteins from serum.
HILIC--Polyhydroxyethyl Aspartamide can be used in HILIC mode by using the appropriate buffers. Analytes are retained in a highly organic environment, and elute with decreasing organic content. Typically conditions for efficient peptide separations include 10 - 15 mM salt at pH 3.0.
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Protein (5 - 250 kD)
Large molecule protein separations require large pore diameters to promote diffusion of the protein into and out of the particle. Polymeric porous spherical beads of polystyrene and divinylbenzene promote reversed phase separations over a wide pH range due to the hydrophobic nature, while eliminating reactive sites common to silica based products.
PLRP-S media with macroporous channels are very robust for intact protein separations. Bead sizes of 5 and 8 micron, with 4000 A pores have proven to be very robust with less clogging than smaller particles, while maintaining excellent separation.
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Peptide Analysis (0.5 - 25 kD)
Peptide separation is typically performed on 5 micron particles with 200 angstrom pore size. These particles provide lower back pressure than the smaller particles, and resist plugging of smaller pore sizes. The Magic C18AQ 5u 200 angstrom pore is our most popular material for peptide separation, ideally suited for tryptic peptides and other digests.
Peptide quantitation and HTS requires higher throughput, with higher resolution, greater peak capacity, and exact reproducibilty. The Magic C18 AQ with 3 micron particles is rapidly becoming the preferred material for rapid analysis of peptides, providing sharp, symmetrical peaks for high throughput analysis of complex mixtures.
MudPIT (2D LC/MS of peptides)
MudPIT analysis is achieved with a SCX column in the first dimension providing multiple salt fractions, followed by desalting and RPLC. PolySulfoethyl aspartamide is a strong cation exchange material that has been developed specifically for SCX of peptides in a pH range from 2.7 - 4.0. At low pH, basic residues in peptides (His, Arg, Lys) are positively charged, as are the amino-termini. Acidic residue (Asp, Glu) are unchanged, and the carboxy-termini are predominately unchanged. Most peptides with free amino-termini will have net charges of at least +1 and bind to the Poly-SEA. Elution order increases with increasing net positive charge with salt gradients up to 1000 mM salt. Salt cleanup follows (see trapping), with traditional RPLC followed by MS analysis.
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Small Molecule (0.1 - 5 kD)
The analysis of small molecules requires high peak capacity, resolution, and speed. The push to smaller particles in the past several years has increased screening efficiency, with the cost of high back pressures.
Magic 3 micron particles with 100A pores provide fast, efficient separations without providing high back pressures of sub two micron. By reducing the column length, and placing it close to the source, extra-columnar band broadening is reduced, maintaining the efficient separation of the column into the MS.
HALO
HALO is a high-speed, high-performance column material that utilizes a fused core particle with a thin porous shell. This alternative to UPLC columns exhibits exceptionally high peak capacity, generates similarily high plate count, and provides the rapid, efficient separation of UPLC without generating the ultra high back pressures, eliminating the need for special hardware or specifically designed systems. HALO particles generate high efficiency due to shallow diffusion paths in the 0.5 micron porous shell. The overall particle size is 2.7 microns. Learn more about HALO in the technology pages.
Bullets
Magic Bullet cartridges are a compact tapered bore column that provides high mass loading in a small volume for ultra-fast gradient chromatography. By attaching the bullets immediately in front of the source, peak dispersion is reduced, thereby maintaining the efficiency of the separation for MS analysis. Bullets can be packed in any of the media Michrom provides, including HALO.
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Michrom produces a vast array of columns in a variety of dimensions, particle size, phases and hardware configurations. For a compete description, usage guide, care, and hints download the 2009 Michrom Column Guide.
Phase Types
Reversed Phase -- Michrom's legendary Magic packing has highly efficient bonding and end-capping to eliminate harmful silanol group residues. An array of pore sizes, and 7 different phases (C4, C8, C18, C18AQ, C30, Phenyl, CN) assure complete separation of complex samples, or rapid screening for high, efficient throughput analysis.
PLRP -- Polymeric (polystyrene/divinylbenzene) media are recommended for protein separation. Its hydrophobic nature promotes RP separations without any silanol or metal reactive sites more common to silica materials. These robust particles work at elevated temperatures and pH range from 1-14 without damage to the stationary phase or background effects in the MS.
SCX -- PolySulfoethyl Aspartamide is a strong cation exchange material developed for peptide separations from pH range 2.7 - 4. (total range pH 2.7 - 7) Available on 3, 5, or 12 micron particles, these materials are an excellent choice for first dimension MudPIT separation.
Size Exclusion -- Polyhydroxyethyl Aspartamide is designed for the separation of analytes based on size and shape. Those molecules above the threshold size are not retained, therefore elution order is inversely proportional to molecular size. These materials are commonly used in the first dimension of separation to exclude unwanted analytes such as proteins from serum.
HILIC--Polyhydroxyethyl Aspartamide can be used in HILIC mode by using the appropriate buffers. Analytes are retained in a highly organic environment, and elute with decreasing organic content. Typically conditions for efficient peptide separations include 10 - 15 mM salt at pH 3.0.
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Protein (5 - 250 kD)
Large molecule protein separations require large pore diameters to promote diffusion of the protein into and out of the particle. Polymeric porous spherical beads of polystyrene and divinylbenzene promote reversed phase separations over a wide pH range due to the hydrophobic nature, while eliminating reactive sites common to silica based products.
PLRP-S media with macroporous channels are very robust for intact protein separations. Bead sizes of 5 and 8 micron, with 4000 A pores have proven to be very robust with less clogging than smaller particles, while maintaining excellent separation.
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Peptide Analysis (0.5 - 25 kD)
Peptide separation is typically performed on 5 micron particles with 200 angstrom pore size. These particles provide lower back pressure than the smaller particles, and resist plugging of smaller pore sizes. The Magic C18AQ 5u 200 angstrom pore is our most popular material for peptide separation, ideally suited for tryptic peptides and other digests.
Peptide quantitation and HTS requires higher throughput, with higher resolution, greater peak capacity, and exact reproducibilty. The Magic C18 AQ with 3 micron particles is rapidly becoming the preferred material for rapid analysis of peptides, providing sharp, symmetrical peaks for high throughput analysis of complex mixtures.
MudPIT (2D LC/MS of peptides)
MudPIT analysis is achieved with a SCX column in the first dimension providing multiple salt fractions, followed by desalting and RPLC. PolySulfoethyl aspartamide is a strong cation exchange material that has been developed specifically for SCX of peptides in a pH range from 2.7 - 4.0. At low pH, basic residues in peptides (His, Arg, Lys) are positively charged, as are the amino-termini. Acidic residue (Asp, Glu) are unchanged, and the carboxy-termini are predominately unchanged. Most peptides with free amino-termini will have net charges of at least +1 and bind to the Poly-SEA. Elution order increases with increasing net positive charge with salt gradients up to 1000 mM salt. Salt cleanup follows (see trapping), with traditional RPLC followed by MS analysis.
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|
Small Molecule (0.1 - 5 kD)
The analysis of small molecules requires high peak capacity, resolution, and speed. The push to smaller particles in the past several years has increased screening efficiency, with the cost of high back pressures.
Magic 3 micron particles with 100A pores provide fast, efficient separations without providing high back pressures of sub two micron. By reducing the column length, and placing it close to the source, extra-columnar band broadening is reduced, maintaining the efficient separation of the column into the MS.
HALO
HALO is a high-speed, high-performance column material that utilizes a fused core particle with a thin porous shell. This alternative to UPLC columns exhibits exceptionally high peak capacity, generates similarily high plate count, and provides the rapid, efficient separation of UPLC without generating the ultra high back pressures, eliminating the need for special hardware or specifically designed systems. HALO particles generate high efficiency due to shallow diffusion paths in the 0.5 micron porous shell. The overall particle size is 2.7 microns. Learn more about HALO in the technology pages.
Bullets
Magic Bullet cartridges are a compact tapered bore column that provides high mass loading in a small volume for ultra-fast gradient chromatography. By attaching the bullets immediately in front of the source, peak dispersion is reduced, thereby maintaining the efficiency of the separation for MS analysis. Bullets can be packed in any of the media Michrom provides, including HALO.
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